Responsible-diver

To become a Eco (Responsible) diver you should…

start being more observant while diving
be a specialist marine biology
a very experienced diver

Snorkelling with whale sharks is…

very dangerous
raising more money than hunting and killing them
forbidden

Conservation diving is necessary …

to save air
to hunt fishes
to preserve our diving grounds

Conservation divers will know …

how to contribute to the preservation of ecosystems
how to feed underwater life
how to avoid decompression stops

A tourist-diver can …

influence local people that a healthy environment is a cornerstone for a sustainable development
always pay a little more, and won't be responsible for the damage they are causing during a dive
not interfere if he/she sees destroying actions created by follow divers

A conservation Diver (Responsible diver) …

Recognizes and is aware of the effect of climate change on the aquatic biodiversity
Is capable to determine all sea animals
Does not need to understand specific threats to aquatic biodiversity

In Herman Melville’s novel ‘Moby-Dick’ the main character, Ishmael thought the whale was a

Mammal
Fish
God

What is taxonomy?

The science of naming, describing and classifying organisms.
The science of microorganisms of the world.
The science of relationship between mammals.

The Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) developed two element of taxonomy that are still in use today, one of them is:

the hierarchical framework of Kingdoms, Phyla, Classes,….
the evolution theory
the binomial system

The tree of life is based on the idea of …

Cousteau
Darwin
Archimedes

Some species have many common names in a single language. For example the small lobster is known in English as scampi. What is de Spanish name?

Prawn
Cigala
Langoustine

Scientific names are based on Latin or Greek and in most cases….

describe some aspects of the organism
got the name of the person who discovered that animal
written in capitals

Protoctista includes single-celled algae that, particularly in spring times …

are killing fishes
is turning the water green
are filtering the water and improving the underwater visibility

There are three main groups of seaweeds commonly called…

purple, green and red seaweed
green, brown and purple seaweed
brown, red and green seaweed

Seaweeds

do not have flowers
have flowers
have leaves

Red seaweeds

can occur down to around 25 meters
can only occur deeper than 20 meters
tend to be big

Brown seaweeds

are most common in shallow waters
are most common below low-tide level
are most common in deeper water (10-20 meters)

Green Seaweeds

are common in shallow dive sites and on shore dives
are most common in deep water
are plants

Seagrasses are …

Seaweed
Plants
not growing on rocks

Mangroves are …

often act as a nursery for many fish species
are dangerous forests endangering inshore areas
are destroying sea life

Sponges …

have organs
are filter feeders
are plants

Jellyfish …

are large planktonic predators
are swimming upside down
are part of the Bryozoa

Leeches are either predatory or adapted to suck blood, they are part of…

the flatworms
the roundworm
the segmented worms

Krill, the food of some whales are related to …

the insects
the vertebrates
the worms

Brittle stars are living in deeper waters they feed on …

small fiches
molluscs
detritus falling down

The Bruntland report (1987) addresses …

the effects of gulf streams
all elements of human effects on the environment
the results of mass whale fishing

IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) received the Nobel Peace Prize and is an organisation of

the United Nations
UNICEF
World Wide Fund for Nature

Former Vice President of the USA, Al Gore was able to present environmental effects clearly …

in the Kyoto protocols
in his book and film 'The inconvenient truth'
during the Conference od UNFCCC in Paris (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)

Threatened coral is a good example of the complexity of climate change because …

coral will be bothered by extra water (melting ice)
coral isles will disappear in the oceans destroying the biotope
diving activity

The ozone layer is

affected because of the increasing amount of greenhuse gasses
acting as a mirror reflecting most energy back to earth
attracting huge quantities of sun energy

The treat for divers of see level rising is …

lower water temperatures
disappearing popular diving islands
more tide, so more water movement

Melting of glaciers causes…

shortage of fresh water
increasing quantities of fresh water
heating of the earth

A ship without cargo can be responsible for direct pollution.

Because being higher on water oxidation of the boot increases
Because water is used as ballast and when drained it can be a big source of pollution.
This is not correct it will be less responsible for pollution.

The use of paint on the hull of ships …

is highly toxic and induce seks change in slugs
is protecting the environment because it is resisting corrosion.
is not having an impact on nature

The first big oil environmental disaster was caused by …

The oil tanker Torrey Canyon who stranded near the English shore
The explosion of the drilling Deep Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico
The impact of sinking ships during world war I

Luxembourg

50 km²
France

Greenhouse gasses (mainly CO2) is …

not dangerous for oceans because they are converted to oxygen an carbohydrates.
also converted into carboxylic acid and creating acidification of the oceans.
not having any impact on oceans

An example of plundering is fishing with a beam, it is catching everything.

25% is thrown back into the sea and survives
60% is thrown back into the sea , on this 60% does not survive
50% is thrown back into the sea

Fishing kelp, a Japanese speciality, is something nobody cares about.

But it is as destructive as cutting down the jungle.
Correct, kelp is not part of an endangered eco system
Not correct, Japanese people do not like to eat kelp

Coral bleaching

is the effect of the production of oxygen and organic substances
is the fading effect after unicellular algae disappear because of little increasing temperatures
is starting up on the moment the temperature is increasing by 2°C on annual average.

The population of Chinese pufferfish, favourite on the menu list of the Japanese declined the past 40 years…

by 50%
by 75%
by 99,9%

In 2014 the International Union for Conservation of Nature studied 76.199 species, do you know how many were threathed with extinction?

50%
30%
10%

Coral reefs provide food, employment, recreation and storm protection for half a billion people. Nevertheless a big quantity of coral reefs are threatened or has been destroyed.

20%
50%
70%

In the Caribbean, the coating with hard coral in the last 30 years has been decreased

from 50% to 10%
from 25% to 10%
from 35% to 25%

IUCN made a study of mangrove forests and discovered that a good part vanished over the last 20 years

10%
20%
35%

It is alright to fish and harvest plants but …

we should ensure that populations are large enough to reproduce
we should only catch 50% of the population
we should ensure that we only catch adult species

Natura 2000

is a European initiative to study sea life
Is a network of core breeding and resting sites for rare and threatened species
is an organisation offering information on climate impact on life

Does sustainable agriculture and forestry affect diving?

No only sustainable fishing policy is affecting diving
Yes because it is reducing agricultural chemicals and as such less pollution of fresh water, lakes and rivers
No sea live protection only matters

The first thing a diver can do will not immediately be associated with conservation is

learn about sea life behaviour.
become member of a sea life protection organisation
have a perfect buoyancy

Divers should be careful descending …

not to exceed 10m/min
not to hit the bottom
not to leave the divemaster behind

If divers want to dive close to the bottom they should…

use a well executed frog kick
use smaller fins
use larger fins

Divers should contribute to the environment and…

become member of an environmental organisation
leave noting behind that does not belong beneath the surface and on shore
only take dead animals or plants home

The so-called ‘killer algae’ is very popular in marine aquariums. It escaped in 1982 from the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco.

It is now killing other organisms directly
It is constituting an ecological threat of growth of entire communities such as gorgonians
Is not really a threat and will disappear after a few years

The so-called ‘killer algae’ is very popular in marine aquariums. It escaped in 1982 from the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco.

It is covering now 1.000 hectares
It is now covering 5.000 hectares
It is now covering 10.000 hectares and unstoppable

The Suez Canal is having an impact on the fauna in the Eastern Mediterranean.

because tropical species are migrating from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
This does not matter, it is in the interest for divers
The species migrating into the Mediterranean Sea will die

What creates the high brightness an the blue colour of the Mediterranean Sea?

The discharge carried by the rivers into the sea
The nutrient-poor water
The presence of algae's

The precious Red Coral can now only be found in hard to reach places.

It belongs to de gorgonian class
It is part of the hexacoral
It has six pinnately branched tentacles

One of the differences between tropical and subtropical areas is …

the absence of sharks
that reef-building corals do not occur in subtropical seas
the presence of gorgonians in subtropical seas

Why seagrass fields are playing an important role in the Mediterranean sea?

They are capturing nutrients
They are not playing an important role
They are eaten by most fiches

The first national underwater park in the Mediterranean is…

Estartit – Medas in Spain
Port Cross in France
Banyuls in France

Although it is the sun that influences the temperature of the Red Sea surface …

it is the warm water entering from the Arabian Sea that is causes water temperature
it is the warm wind from the Sahara that causes the water temperature
it is the volcanic activity of the tectonic plates that causes the water temperature

What is the optimal temperature for the development of corals?

30°C
24°C
27°C

Parrotfish are reverse hermaphrodites this means …

they possess both male and female seks organs
they develop first into a female and then change to male
they develop first into a male and than change to female

A clown fish changes gender …

Not correct, clown fishes no not change gender
They are first female then male
They are first male then female

Whites sharks are changing gender…

Not correct, clown fishes no not change gender
They are first female then male
They are first male then female

The female Clowfish is reproducing eggs, fertilized by the male who also guards them.

100-300 eggs
5000-7000 eggs
500-1500 eggs

The juveniles of Reef Snappes may be eten

No they may be toxic
Yes they are quit good for consumption
Yes but they have to be cooked in oil

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